Rethorical anlysis of the smoker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rethorical anlysis of the smoker - Essay Example Upon any further contemplation, a reader will stumble at the question whether choosing a life-partner is such a light matter as it is presented in the story. Schickler does not show any clear hints that the way Nicole chooses Douglas as her life-partner is wrong. Rather Schickler refers to the glaring flaws of traditional arranged marriage by presenting the ironies in a light tone. From the beginning to the end, the story flows at a smooth and easily palatable speed. But the readers cannot but raise their brows when they find Nicole’s father to propose Douglas at their first encounter. From here a reader’s reasoning starts and necessarily has to focus on Douglas’s and Nicole’s personality traits. Until then, a reader reads the story as a traditional story of a school girl’s romantic infatuation with her 12 years older teacher. What is disturbing in Samson’s approach to her daughter’s marriage with Douglass is that he makes its justifia ble depending on his own conjugal life. He refutes Douglass’s objection to the age gap on the ground that he has â€Å"got twelve years on Paulette† (Schickler 5). It essentially reveals that Samson’s judgment about the compatibility between his daughter and Douglass is self-centered.

Outline and Introductory Paragraph Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Outline and Introductory Paragraph Worksheet Essay University of Phoenix Material Outline and Introductory Paragraph Worksheet Create an outline and introductory paragraph in preparation for writing a complete Personal Plan due in Week Five. Use the following information to assist you with the content of your outline and introductory paragraph: †¢ Ethical Lens Inventory results †¢ Career Interests Profiler results †¢ Career Plan Building Activity: Competencies results †¢ Your SMART goals, including those identified in the University of Phoenix Material: Goal Setting Use the following to assist you with the writing of your outline: †¢ Sample Outline in the CWE †¢ MyFoundationsLab: The Writing Process †¢ MyFoundationsLab: Prewriting Outline: Introduction: 1. Topic: What the results say versus what I thought about myself. a. Subtopic: Seeing my strengths and weakness b. Subtopic: Figuring in my SMART goals 2. Topic: How to build off of my competencies a. Subtopic: What areas need to be improved b. Subtopic: What jobs I may look for in the future Use the following to assist you with the writing of your introductory paragraph: †¢ MyFoundationsLab: Developing and Organizing a Paragraph †¢ MyFoundationsLab: The Topic Sentence †¢ MyFoundationsLab: Recognizing a Paragraph Introductory Paragraph: Since I have started college, I have set myself up for high standards. My wife and I have talked many times about the importance of me wanting to go to college so I have an understanding support system. Ever since I enrolled at University of Phoenix I have received many helpful resources. These resources first helped point me in the right direction not only for academics but also in my future with locating the right job for my personality. I could see what jobs matched my personality and compare them to the jobs I wanted to take before I joined the university and I saw that the results were close to the same. The university’s resources then helped me identify my strengths and weaknesses. Whereas I plan to continue to practice my strengths that I already knew I had, I can make my weaknesses that I never thought about into strengths as well. Finally, the resources allowed me to set up SMART goals in which to help further my education by breaking down what I need to study further into detail in order to succeed in my classes. Not only has the University of Phoenix helped set up goals while I am studying, but also it has helped me identify SMART goals, which will help me to enhance myself for the professional world.

Impacts of Cognitive Cognitive Injuries on Communication

Impacts of Cognitive Cognitive Injuries on Communication Introduction It is an amazing moment when a baby arrives and the midwife announces you have given birth to a healthy baby boy or girl. It is as if the whole world is rejoicing with you. This is the kind of news that makes everybody smile and want to share your joy. To be born in perfect health is all a parent wishes for their child. As we grow into adults, we adopt dreams and ideas, plans and adventures. We are thankful for our strength, health and youth. The elderly especially encourage us to ‘ live life to the full’, while at the same time insisting that ‘youth is wasted on the young’. But what happens when you are struck with an illness, or have a life changing accident. When you are faced with the news that everything dependable and familiar about yourself that you have lived with from birth, has altered or even become totally foreign to you. Who are you now? What does your future hold? Where do you go from here? When are things going to go back to normal? Why me? How am I going to live with this? All the answers you have accumulated in your life, have now been replaced with questions. Definition Remember when you learned to walk and talk? Probably not, because we were so young at the time. Even if we don’t remember it happening, there were other people around us to witness our first achievments. More than likely these were moments of joy and pride. We would have had loved ones supporting us with love and encouragement. Imagine you are a grown adult and you are experiencing this stage of life for a second time. For people suffering from severe cognitive injury, this could be what it is like for them. Rehabilitation after a traumatic or non traumatic injury is a scary and lengthy process. A patient is affected on every level, from physical to mental, social to practical. Even though it is emotional to see a loved one soon after the effects of brain injury, the immediate effects are usually not the permanent result. Patients usually progress over time, but may never return to who they originally were. It takes time , patience and persistence for someone to advance from their immediate side effects. Patients who have been effected physically take on extensive physiotherapy to get their muscle strength back and retrain their body. Mental injuries are treated with counselling and medication. Although these are key to improving a person, support and understanding from loved ones is a major factor. Socially a persons life is flipped over. The casual familiar side of a persons life is replaced with confusion and frustration. Practically a person may need to learn again from scratch, depending on the extent of the injury. Brain injury leaves a person starting over. Although cognitive injury sounds hopeless and dark, there is actually a bright light at the end of the tunnel. Depending on the type of damage, which area of the brain, and to what extent the damage is done, each individual has a different story. There are a lot of different types of injuries. Alzheimers disease. Brain tumors. Stroke. Traumatic brain injury(TBI). Alzheimers This disease would be a common form of dementia. It is mostly known for effecting the elderly, but has been known to go beyond that. Alzheimers can cause a person to forget most of their current life and go back to a time of their youth. They may forget who their children are, the home they moved to when they got married and the life that came there after. It can become very difficult to communicate when the mind falls into confusion. It will take patience and kindness to find new ways of communication. Being able to adapt and finding a new structure will be very helpful. Body language, facial expressions and tone, will become their more dominant forms of communication. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) This can occur through a car accident, a fall or any major hit to the head. The contact to the head can cause a swelling or bleeding to the brain , which effects the normal running and understanding of things. Depending where in the brain you are effected, the results can be different for everyone. No two injuries or side effects are the same. People go through any number of treatments, from speech therapy to physiotherapy. Surgery can be successful in some patients, but is not always the answer. Stroke This can have varied effects on people. It is caused when the blood flow through an artery becomes blocked, and prevents oxygen entering the brain. This can have a range of effects. Speech and language, mobility and facial muscles can all be effected, depending on the level of stroke. Brain tumors These are abnormal growth of cells in one area, that clusters together to form a lump. Depending on where in the brain the tumor is pressing against, that will distinguish how the body is effected. It can effect speech, sight, smell, hearing, emotions and physical use of the body. It also has the ability to change intellect and personality. The overall result to anyone afflicted by damage to the brain, is that there will be significant changes to who they truly are. The common factors of the effects on communication are treated through rehabilitation. People will discover new ways to express themselves and it is challenging. When speech, body language, facial expressions and intellect change in a person, it is like meeting yourself for the first time, and finding your personality and new found talents. Overall there is a lot of adapting to be done, in order to get through each day. These changes also effect the family and friends who support them. Those who know this person well, will know them for their health and intellect. The people who choose to stay and support someone with a cognitive injury, will also find themselves being directly effected. Emotional strain can bring out the different sides of a person. This includes both the sufferer and supporters. Families deal with less free time, problems with finance, communication problems, and changing roles within the family. Emotions can go from happy and content and in control, to sadness, anxiety, anger, guilt and frustration. Families have been torn apart and friends have slipped away. It can feel like a lost cause. We have all experienced a time when we feel like we have fallen into a dark hole. It is cold, dark and lonely. It can leave us feeling scared, and helpless. Falling into a situation when you don’t know why everything has become strange and foreign, can be terrifying. We can become desperate for communication, for someone to say its ok. A familiar face or voice would become a saviour. But it could become a struggle to search for anything we relate to. What used to be our present time, can become obsolete and be replaced by what are distant memories. It is confusing and frustrating for everyone involved. Adapting to a new normality is a transition that does not have to be done alone. There are healthcare facilities, day care centres and counselling available for support. There are healthcare assistants, doctors and nurses available, who are trained and dedicated to helping rebuild communication and physical skills, and achieve the best quality of life. Because each brain injury is so unique, the help given is to achieve individual personal best. This is needed for the patient, family and friends. The extent of who a brain injury effects is like the branches of a tree. Thankfully the services provided encourage persistence. There are treatments available through many different forms. This also depends on the extent of the brain injury and what type. Treatment will usually begin immediately or as soon as damage is detected. It is crucial to keep the oxygen flowing to the brain and through the body, which helps blood flow. This will also help control blood pressure. Visual examinations will be done in the form of x-ray or ct-scan. Severely injured patients will receive more extensive treatments such as, physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech and language therapy, psychology/psychiatry and social support. It is a lengthy process and so much to deal with, but treatment is hope and a positive step to beginning again. Conclusion: Sufferers of cognitive injuries can learn to adjust and rise again. They discover a new kind of normal. Life is difficult for us all at times. We struggle with finance, career and family. But for those waking up and struggling each day to remember where they are and why they cant find the words to ask a question, or not understanding why menial jobs that never bothered them before, now cause them to lose their temper. These are some of the challenges facing a person with a cognitive injury. Life is known for its challenges and human strength is powerful and admirable. â€Å"Out of difficulties grow miracles.† References: www.Acquiredbraininjury.com/abimanual/consequences-for-the-family www.Alz.org www.Thebraintumourcharity.org/about-brain-tumours/living-with-a-brain-tumour/communication-problems-and-brain-tumours www.Neuroskills.com/braininjury www.Headway.org.uk/cognitive -communication-difficulties.aspx www.Asha.org/slp/cognitive-referral

Business Challenges :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Becoming a CEO of a company whether it’s big or small, is a huge task to take on, but can be the most rewarding depending on how your company does. Either way when going into such a job, in which you are so powerful, you have to think of each and every challenge that you come across within your job. Challenges that your company will face can vary in many different ways, from environmental issues, to social issues, economic issues, as well as many more   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For my company, Staples, I have worked in the store since I was 15, going through quite a few managers. Luckily I got to meet people very high in the corporation, such as the president and vice president of the company, and I could see how stressful their jobs have been. As being the CEO of Staples there are many problems that can come into effect. First thing that comes to mind is competition. Our competitors Office Max, and Office Depot are our biggest threat in the office supply business. Our company holds about 1100 stores, while they have about 700 each, and each day they take away business from us. We have to fluctuate our prices with what’s popular for that time of season, such as pens, notebooks and computers for back-to-school, and make sure our prices are more convenient for the customer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second dilemma that comes to mind is geography. Considering we have over 1000 locations, we have to figure out where the appropriate places for a new store would be. For instance if we only have 2 stores in Maine, we can’t put them together, yet we need to put them in a somewhat populated place, that would be most convenient for the business customer. For us, globalization is not a very big problem considering that we only have one store in France, one in Germany, and two in Puerto Rico.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As for a third challenge is technology. Everything is becoming on-line, and on the Internet. Some people can’t go out to the store everyday do but something they need, and each store can’t carry every product. So as a CEO the best solution is to put them online so people can shop at home, and have the products shipped to their doorstep. Also by having staples.com available in store, if the store itself is out of a product, just order it.

People, Organisation and Management

| |Case Study: | |The Comparative analysis of LawrieTech. com and Coca-Cola | |Company | | Contents Introduction 3 Question 4 Teamwork and Teamworking 5 Organisational Design and Structure 9 Organisational Culture 14 Conclusion 17 Reference 18 Introduction LawrieTech. com is one of the software engineering companies in Scotland, which is developing and supplying software system for controlling electricity supply. LawrieTech. om has 240 employees who service clients in 13 countries, which are include US, France and India. Coca-cola Company is the largest manufacturer, distributor and marketer of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups in the world. Finished beverage products bearing their trademarks, sold in the US since 1886, are now sold in more than 200 countries. Question Read the two organizational case studies and provide a comparative analysis of them in written essay format. In particular the areas of comparison should cover the main topics as below: 1. Teamwork and Teamworking 2. Organizational Design and Structure 3. Organizational Culture 1. Teamwork and Teamworking Team is a combination of people within an organisation with skills, who are working together to achieve desired goal. Teamwork is the activity of working well together as a team with a collective of individual skills, talents and effects. There are four types of teams have been identified in LawrieTech. com and Coca-Cola Company. One of the team that had been identified is self-managed team, which also known as autonomous team. Team is empowered to make decision about planning and scheduling of work, allocating tasks, controlling quality of work and evaluating performance which is essential to manage them on daily basis. Both LawrieTech. com and Coca-Cola Company exist in self-managed team. Staffs of LawrieTech. com are â€Å"expected to liaise directly with clients and have a mandate to do what it takes to find solutions to their clients’ problems†. LawrieTech. com has to ensure members of teams are in theâ€Å"†¦right mix of skills and capabilities in order to meet the very exacting demands of clients†. According to McClelland’s acquired needs of power theory, members will have a mandate to control other persons, to influence their behaviour, and to be responsible for other people to fulfill their needs and self-satisfaction. Hence, â€Å"staff turnover is minimal and every year LawrieTech. com is inundated with the CVs of eager young graduates†. Coca-Cola Company is a large company which has â€Å"†¦axed 6,000 employees†. Coca-Cola will be an autonomous team because they are given authority to re-design structure and make decisions that adapt to the country’s culture and needs. Coca-Cola produces over 300 brands worldwide† and â€Å"the bottling and distribution system is also adapted to local needs†. Besides, â€Å"they have restructured with a management team coordinates a new, nimble, and entrepreneurial network†. In addition, Coca-Cola â€Å"†¦. has positioned itself for growth by moving key decision making closer to lo cal market†. Virtual team is one of the team which had identified from both companies, where teams are using computer technology to tie together physically dispersed members in order to achieve a common goal. They can share information and ideas, make decisions, and complete tasks by using communication links. They can include members from the same company or link an organization’s members with the employees from other organization like suppliers and joint partners. (Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge 2005) LawrieTech. com has â€Å"set up a ‘Knowledge Transfer’ on the intranet to share and discuss ideas†. â€Å"Staffs are encouraged to communicate with other teams members†. Fully used of this network connection to let staffs to exchange information and ideas to each other to improve the resources of problem solving. Coca-Cola Company has existed on virtual team as it is â€Å"†¦fostering deeper connections to consumers† with their organization website. Through the network connection Coca-Cola â€Å"†¦ has been very sensitive to local market conditions†, and also â€Å"†¦recognizing the importance of international sales†. They are using the network connection to control and communicate with the other teams who are located in other countries around the world. Besides, Cross-functional team is the members come from different functional units and other part of organization with expectation of sharing information and ideas to solve organization’s problem. This team often functions as self-directed teams responding to broad, but no specific directives. Decision-making within a team may depend on consensus, but often is led by a manager or team leader. LawrieTech. com exists on cross-functional teams; however, Coca-Cola Company does not exist. LawrieTech. com’s employees are â€Å"†¦organized into flexible teams†. â€Å"Each team has the right mix of skills and apabilities† to fulfill clients’ needs to achieve their intention. Members are â€Å"†¦expected to liaise directly with clients and have a mandate to do what it takes to find solutions to their clients’ problems† and â€Å"†¦meet the very exacting the demand of clients†. Both LawrieTech. com and Coca-Cola have existe d on employee involvement team, where groups of employees who meet outside their regular assignment to uncover, apply expertise to improve workplace matter. This team often formed a quality circle where they will meet about once a week to discuss their work, identify problems, and present possible solutions to management. Michael P. Dumler & Steven J. Skinner 2008) LawrieTech. com has organized â€Å"regular staff social events and outings which all enjoy†. Also, â€Å"although they have job titles, no member of staff has a specific job description suggesting that anything is possible†. They will discuss and share ideas together to improve their problem solving skill capabilities to fulfill their clients’ needs. Coca-Cola Company has existed on this team as well. â€Å"The larger the company is, the harder it is to continue to grow at a steady pace†. Therefore, â€Å"products are developed to meet the varied taste preferences of consumers†, and â€Å"Coca-Cola produces over 300 brands worldwide in addition to its flagship brands†. 2. Organizational Design and Structure Organizational Design It can be defined as the creation of roles, processes and formal reporting relationship in an organization. One can distinguish between two phases in an organization design process, which are organic design and mechanistic design. Organic organization operates with minimum bureaucratic features and with a culture that encourages workers empowerment and participation. However, mechanistic organization is an ideal organization form, and operated with bureaucratic features, like clear cut labour divisions, strict hierarchy and authority, formal rules and promotion based on competency. Organic organization has a flat structure with maximum two levels of management, which called decentralized authority. Supervisors tend to have a more personal relationship with employees. However, mechanistic organization is a centralized authority with narrow span of control, more specialist positions, and homogeneous, functional departments. (Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge 2005) The Gibson, Ivancevich, and Donnelly (1995) stated, â€Å"While the mechanistic model seeks to maximize efficiency and product, the organic model seeks to maximize satisfaction, flexibility and development† (p. 542). LawrieTech. com exists on organic design as it is a decentralized authority and there is only two levels management, which is section and team. Meanwhile, the company encourages the empowerment and participation of staffs for problems solving. It is more to be informal or personal type organization as they only have few rules in the organization. Ties are banned from the office†. Also, â€Å"†¦staffs work in flexi time† and they can â€Å"†¦approach their employer, Iain, for a chat† except in the meeting hour. There is â€Å"†¦informal and relaxed atmosphere in the office†. There are wide span of control, which only has two levels of management. LawrieTech. com is also an organization with full of intellectual capital, where there are collective brainpowers of workforce that can be used to create value. Therefore, all tasks are shared, â€Å"Although they have job titles, no member of staff has a specific job description suggesting that anything is possible†. Staffs are organized into flexible teams†. Thus, LawrieTech. com has many task forces and is considered as a small enterprise, because it only has â€Å"†¦employed 240 workers†. However, Coca-Cola is a mechanistic organization since it processes as a centralized authority, where there are â€Å"twenty-four division and operations presidents†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and it has more structured. Coca-Cola is a large company, where â€Å"†¦CEO, Douglas Daft axed 6,000 employees†. In addition, it has many rules and regulations as â€Å"twenty-four divisions and operations presidents report to the chief operating officers†. Coca-Cola Company has few task forces, because their shibboleth is one company, one group. Employees are organized into departments and tasks are specialised within their organizational structure, as they have â€Å"†¦ group of individuals, along with Coca-Cola employees and partners worldwide, are responsible for implementing the six strategic priorities† and they are â€Å"†¦ very sensitive to local market conditions†. The span of control is narrow, as â€Å"twenty-four divisions and operations presidents report to the chief operating officers†. Organizational Structure It is a hierarchical concept of subordination of entities that collaborate and contribute to serve one common aim. The structure of an organization is usually set up in one of the variety of styles, dependant on their objectives and ambience. It will determine the modes in which it shall operate and will perform. (Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge 2005) There are six types of structure have been identified in both company. First of all, LawrieTech. com exists on team structure, but Coca-Cola is less exists on this structure. Team structure is defined as it greatly use permanent and temporally teams to solve problems, complete special projects, and accomplish daily tasks. It often uses cross-functional teams. For examples, LawrieTech. com’s staffs are â€Å"†¦organized into flexible teams†. â€Å"Each team has the right mix of skills and capabilities in order to meet the very exacting demands of clients†. â€Å"†¦ regular team meeting† is held where members can exchange ideas and communicate with other team members. It helps them to mix easily. Secondly, network structure has been performing within both companies. It is a central core that is linked through networks of relationships with outside contractors and suppliers of essential services. Furthermore, the company own only core components and use strategic alliances or outsourcing to provide other components. LawrieTech. com is a network organization, where it hasâ€Å"†¦set up an intranet, ‘Knowledge Transfer’, to let staffs share and discuss ideas†. â€Å"Staffs are organized into flexible teams† to complete their tasks with perfect mix of skill capabilities. Coca-Cola Company also exists on network structure as well, because employees are organized into departments with using network connection to link to each other and â€Å"†¦recognizing the importance of international sales†. Besides, divisional structures delineate team who works on the same product or process, serve similar customers, and located in the same area or geographical region. It is more common in complex organization and in avoids problems associated with functional structure. LawrieTech. com and Coca-Cola have existed on it at the same time, but LawrieTech. com only base on customer structure. For examples, LawrieTech. com’s â€Å"†¦. business strategy involves the development of high specification customer-driven programmes with intense levels of after-sales services†. Its intention, that all of a worker has skills and capabilities to fulfill their clients’ needs. Coca-Cola Company also exists on this structure, which based on customer and geographical. As an example for customer structure, â€Å"products are developed to meet the varied taste preferences of consumers†. Coca-Cola tries to adapt to local needs, where â€Å"†¦all bottlers are local companies either independently owned or only partially owned by the Coca-Cola†. There would be the functional structure in Coca-Cola, yet LawrieTech. com does not exist. Functional structure lies in putting like specialists together, which minimizes the number necessary while allowing the pooling and sharing of specialized resources across products. (Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge 2005) Coca-Cola is trying to â€Å"†¦achieve profitability through economies of scale and by capitalizing on its existing distribution†. Boundary-less organization is the eliminating of internal boundaries among subsystems and external boundaries with the external environment. It is also a combination of team and network structures with the addition of â€Å"temporariness†. (Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge 2005) Due to the identification on the above, LawrieTech. com is a boundary-less organization. As it has been exist on team structure as well as network structure. Teams are â€Å"†¦organized into flexible teams† to achieve the perfect match of skill and capabilities. They are exchanging ideas with each other through the ‘Knowledge Transfer’. Coca-Cola Company is not a boundary-less organization since team structure is less performed in it. Finally, matrix structure is a combination of functional and divisional structure for increasing the advantages and minimized the disadvantages of each used in manufacturing, service industries, professional fields, non-profit sectors and Multinational Corporation. Coca-Cola is a matrix organization as it has simultaneously existed both functional and divisional structures, but LawrieTech. com is not a matrix structure. For examples, Coca-Cola attempts to â€Å"†¦achieve profitability through economies of scale† and also develop product to â€Å"†¦meet the varied taste preferences of consumers†. Besides, they aim to â€Å"†¦adapt to local needs† by â€Å"the bottling and distribution systems†. 3. Organizational Culture Organization culture can be defined as a system of shared meaning by people and groups in an organization and that control the way they interact with each other and with stakeholders outside the organization. (Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge 2005) At first, LawrieTech. com has been present in people orientation. People orientation is the degree of value and respect for people. â€Å"LawrieTech. om seeks to employ the best graduates available who can bring the skills and attitudes that are consistent with the company’s business philosophy and, indeed, their philosophy on life. † LawrieTech. com concern to the staffs’ working performance in their daily tasks with joyful. Through the identification, Coca-Cola does not have people orientation. Team orientation is one of the organizational cultures in the case studies. It is the degree to which work activities are organized around teams rather than individual. (Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge 2005) In LawrieTech. com, â€Å"staffs are organized into flexible teams†. Each team has the right mix of skills and capabilities in order to meet the very exacting demands of clients†. Members are â€Å"†¦liaising directly with clients† and to fulfill the clients’ needs with taking decision themselves. â€Å"†¦Regular team meeting† set up to improve the relationship between each member of other teams. Coca-Cola has also less team orientation, as it is less performed as team structure. According to case studies, innovation and risk taking is performed in both companies. It is the degree of the company willing to experiment, take risks, and encourage innovation. In LawrieTech. com â€Å"†¦staffs are able to express themselves† and be creative in their work. Also, they have a mandate to do what it takes to get problems solving to serve to their aim. Coca-Cola Company is a manufacturer company, it needs to have more innovation and risk taking to achieve its desired goal. â€Å"Products are developed to meet the varied taste preferences of consumers† and they have produced â€Å"†¦over 300 brands worldwide in addition to its flagship brands†. Coca-Cola Company introduces aggressiveness in its company. Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge (2005) stated aggressiveness is â€Å"the degree to which people are aggressive and competitive rather than easygoing† (p. 512) Coca-Cola â€Å"growth in sales has been fueled both internally and through acquisitions and licensing agreements†. Also, it has developed products â€Å"†¦to meet the varied taste preferences of consumers†. Nevertheless, LawrieTech. com is not an aggressiveness company. Coca-Cola has introduced outcome orientation, but LawrieTech. com does not exist. Outcome orientation is the degree to which management focuses on results or outcomes rather than on the techniques and processes used to achieve those outcomes. Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge 2005) Coca-Cola is an organization which achieving their aim without focusing on undertaking the ways. It is more focus on their image and profit, so its top management â€Å"†¦axed 6,000 employees† to restructure their organization and also reduce their unnecessary cost f or maintaining its financial. Likewise, Coca-Cola is â€Å"†¦recognizing the importance of international sales, has been very sensitive to local market conditions† for their profit and gain. Conclusion Coca-Cola Company and LawrieTech. om are not being able to compare with each other, because both are not in the same line organization. Coca-Cola Company is a manufacture line company, but LawrieTech. com is a customer line organization. Employees of LawrieTech. com are working together as a team and fulfilled with needs of power for self-satisfaction and confidence. However, employees of Coca-Cola Company should be more disciplined as there are full of rules and regulations, and they need to follow instructions from top management to complete their daily tasks. Reference Books 1. Stephen P. Robbins and Timothy A. Judge (2005) Organizational Behaviour. 12th Edition. United States of America: Person Prentice Hall. P. 300-303, P. 478-485, P. 490-494. 2. Gibson, J. L. , Ivancevich, J. M. , & Donnelly, J. H. , Jr. (1995) Organizations: Behavior, Structure, Processes. 8th Edition. Boston, MA: Irwin. P. 542. 3. Michael P. Dumler and Steven J. Skinner (2008) A Primer for Management. 2nd Edition. United States of America: Thomson South-Western. P. 168.

Prince of Persia Essay Example

Prince of Persia Essay Example Prince of Persia Essay Prince of Persia Essay and the relationship is at its final moments. Dastan faced Garsiv there and proposed to him that he was innocent for his father’s murder. The moment his brother realized his uncle’s plan, he is fatally wounded by incoming shards of metal. The Hannassins successfully retrieved the dagger and retreated back to Nizam. Dastan and his companions crept their way inside Alamut to inform Tus and take possession of the dagger. Right here, Dastan and Tamina are at Stage 4: Integrating. Dastan desired to do most things with her and they reflect most common experiences. They also talk and behave similar as if they are one person. Tamina and Dastan are both willing to risk their lives for the sake of Persia and its inhabitants. As they approach Alamut, Seso, one of the allies, volunteered to retrieve the dagger from the Hannassin guard. Seso was able to win back the dagger, but in doing so, his life is lost. Dastan encountered his brother Tus, told him about Nisam’s evil endeavors, and unraveled the dagger and its secret. Dastan impales himself in the heart, hoping that Tus will use the dagger to travel back in time to believe his dying words. Nizam entered the room seeing that Dastan is lying dead in the ground. Nizam demanded the dagger from Tus, but Tus refused and activated the dagger. Through empathy, Tus is able to recognize and share the exact feelings by listening to Dastan’s dying words. Tus went back in time right before Dastan stabbed himself, and they hug momentarily before Nizam appeared and sliced Tus in the throat. This is the first time Dastan and Tus truly shared a â€Å"bonding† moment. Nizam regained the dagger and goes to the bottom of Alamut where he can retrieve unlimited sand to power the dagger to bring him back to a time in which he could become ruler of Persia. Nizam’s relationship with his family utilizes a cost and reward system. For the cost of his brother’s death (King Sharaman) and the nonexistence of his nephews, he will be rewarded with the Crown of Persia. Dastan and Tamina chase after Nizam. The princess lead Dastan to a secret entrance to the Sands of Time, but on their way they encounter many foes. Dastan desperately fought to fend them off. He is nearly defeated, until Tamina boldy emerged for the rescue. Dastan and Tamina finally completed all five stages of Coming Together with Stage 5: Bonding perfectly executed. At the bottom of Alamut, holds a pillar that is made of the Sands of Time. If the dagger were to be stabbed into the pillar, time would rewind until the dagger is removed. Dastan and Tamina strived to stop Nizam from striking a blow to the pillar, but it’s too late. Nizam knocked Tamina into a bottomless pit, and Nizam fused the sacred blade with the sand. Dastan gallantly rushed to the pillar and took hold of the dagger as it bent back time. Luckily, Dastan managed to remove the dagger. After a brief moment, Dastan opened his eyes and was at the gates of Alamut. The attack had been followed through with yet, and was pending until Dastan’s orders were made. Dastan immediately exposed his Uncle Nizam’s betrayal and was able to convince Tus and his army. Nizam is outraged and slipped out a dagger at Dastan’s back. Quickly, Tus whipped out his broad sword into Nizam’s stomach. The future was altered. Now, the relationship of each brother evolved to Stage 5: Bonding of Coming Together, while the dead uncle obviously sat beyond Stage 5: Terminating of Coming Apart. Dastan brought the dagger to Princess Tamina, and all the land was saved by the Prince of Persia. Prince of Persia displays the stages and steps of Coming Together and Coming Apart. Also, the movie points out that a relationship can be gained and reunited through interpersonal concepts and if possible, time travel.

6 Top Tips for Dissertation References

6 Top Tips for Dissertation References 6 Top Tips for Dissertation References Many people lose sleep over referencing when writing a dissertation and the rules for compiling a reference list can seem boring. After all, if you’re at a party and discussion turns to the relative merits of APA and Harvard citations, you can assume the party isn’t going well. The problem is that references are also an incredibly important part of your dissertation. Without clear referencing, your paper will be difficult to follow, which could affect your overall grade. The reader might also struggle to distinguish between your work and the sources you’ve used, which could even lead to accusations of plagiarism. As such, it is definitely worth getting your references right. And we promise that it isn’t anywhere near as tricky as it looks at first! To help get you started, here are some of our top tips to make referencing easy. Check Your Style Guide! Most colleges, journals and publishers will have a preferred style of referencing. As such, you should check which system to use (e.g., Harvard, APA, MLA, etc.) before you start writing. When to Use Citations Some people worry that they don’t have enough references in their work, but quality is far more important than quantity. You should include a citation in your work every time you quote or rely upon the work of another author to support your argument. Providing references demonstrates your breadth of reading and guards against plagiarism. Compile Your Reference List as You Work It is much easier to compile a reference list while you are writing your paper than to wait and do it at the end. This will ensure that you don’t miss any important sources and makes it easier to double-check texts you have referenced during the editing process. Consistency and Clarity The single most important thing you can do when referencing sources is use a consistent style throughout your paper. If your citations and reference list are clear and consistent, it is much easier for the reader to identify sources. Double-check Your Reference List Even if you compile your reference list as you go, you must double-check it before handing in your paper. Make sure that every source you have cited is accompanied by full publication details. You should also check that your references are listed in the correct order. Usually, this is either numerically in the order they appear in the text (if using an end note system) or alphabetically by author surname.

Ethical Issues Related to Reproduction Essay Example

Ethical Issues Related to Reproduction Essay Example Ethical Issues Related to Reproduction Essay Ethical Issues Related to Reproduction Essay Ethical Issues Related to Reproduction Ethical issues Abstract The current developments in the medical technology combined with the declining influence of religious morality in the community have made the church encounter different issues associating to life and death, which were additionally nonexistent in the past or were of comparatively associated with varying happenings, in our traditions. It is vital to handle these matters, and provide some outline in relation with the laws of the scriptures. It is not our concern to address these matters profoundly, but to offer sufficient foundation for the ethical decision-making. It has been defined that about 10-15 percent of married couples in the world are infertile, an extra 10 percent have few children than they expected. Childlessness is a burden to most people and couples currently. Nothing could be done to correct or cure infertility in the past, but in the modern days, there are even more other alternatives than needed because of the advances in medical technology. However, there are moral and ethical repercussions embedded in these processes, which makes these practices undesirable. Introduction Assisted reproduction (ARTs) is one way of having children without necessarily engaging in intercourse. Many individuals who opt for ARTs because of infertility and other approaches of curing their infertility have become futile. Some individuals with no fertility challenges choose ARTs to reduce the risk of transmitting some genetic turmoil. However, many scholars have taken different sides on the usefulness of the approach. Some encourages its use with minimum reservation, stressing on the gains they provide the infertile couples and woman who desire to reproduce without a partner of the opposite sex. Those supporting ARTs claim that the community ought to respect personal decisions concerning reproductive issues, referring to the official and ethical rules of individual dependency and lack of proofs that ARTs leads to substantial damage (Scott, 2000). Those opposing have demonstrated concerns on some given aspects or effects of these technologies. They are worried that too much application of ARTs in the society would result to children being products of manufacturers as per the parent’s condition, instead of distinct individuals to be adopted and loved unconditionally. On the other hand, the process is too costly implying that the approach will only help the rich because they can afford such expenses, while the poor will remain with the problem. In addition, the method is still undergoing investigation hence, it is not clear whether the ARTs processes are entirely safe for both the mother and the offspring or not. Connection between reproductive cancers and hormones are known, but women taking these procedures have not been assessed to analyze their risk to these dangers (Wennerholm et. al, 2000). The world has entered into a new age where babies can scientifically be developed in a Petri dish using the sperm of a man and the egg of a woman, then the ensuing embryo transferred to a second woman’s womb for gestation. By the application of fertility drugs and regular inspection, the embryo can develop in to a full baby that can then be given back to the parents who initiated the process, i. e. he persons who donated the sperm and the egg for the procedure. This is what surrogacy is all about. Starting with the idea of creating the child in a test tube and transferring to the womb is in itself shocking as much as ethics are concerned. Infertile couples consider this the best method of having children, but the natural birth and baby development are not followed. Children ought to develop na turally and seek to inherit the genes of its parents, but in this case, the baby has genes from three different people. The other thing is the issue whereby a woman requests another woman womb at a cost. Individuals paying medical costs for a third party purportedly carrying their child, and who may at last refuse to give out the baby, engage in unethical ways (Storey, 2011). Sperm and egg donations also have some ethical issues in that both donors have some rights as pertaining to their donations. The clients have a right to be updated on the disadvantages their sperm or egg has with the likely complications that may result in case someone decides to purchase them. Ethically, that is not an acceptable practice has babies should develop naturally in their initial stages without being investigated for defects and other complications. On the other hand, sperm and egg banks are highly selective as to who should donate them. For instance, in California Cryobank accepts only graduate donors from  some universities. The procedure of the reproduction should not have such selection procedures. In contrast, those banks that do not have restrictions may allow someone to donate several times, which the children being created because of purchasing the sperm may come from one individual hence, resulting to related babies. The difference between ultra selective donor banks and those, which cater for the population that is more â€Å"normal,† put up some ethical issues. Ethical dilemmas surrounding surrogate parenting Surrogate parenting has many dilemmas especially regarding the relationship and ownership of the baby. The most common is the conflict of interest among the commissioning parents and the surrogate mother. Under this condition, it should be clear as to who should have full rights of the baby. Screening the concerned couples for proper identification of the surrogate mother should be carried out to reduce some of the dilemmas. Another dilemma may result when the surrogate mother feels that she is being exploited by the couple and not being well compensated. In such a case, she may end up refusing to let go of the baby and instead seek a court injunction. In addition, the traditional and cultural variances existing in the society has some complications regarding this form of bringing up the children. Women who volunteer as surrogate mothers are considered not complete by other cultures and this need to be resolved because it can affect the development of the child later in life (Storey, 2011). A family is usually made up of father, mother, and the children. However, in this case, the children have different parents attached to them. This makes the definition of a family not to be inclusive as we have a third person claiming and having links to the child. A child in a family definition has only one biological mother and one biological father. Because both mothers have a linkage to the child, it leaves room for the definition of the family to include such exceptional cases when defining a family (Storey, 2011). B. elective abortion Selective abortion is moral because the multiple surviving embryos may cause more harm to the mother before and after birth. For instance, the conception of such embryos may compete themselves for the reduced requirements provided by the mother, leading to retarded development since they would not get enough. In case, all the embryos are left to live, the society should be able to cater for all their needs especially helping the mother and the fam ily in financial terms to raise all the children at a go. The society should also provide basic amenities such as specific training schools for the mental retarded, and support them as much as they can (Bouchard et. al, 1995). Those with defects should be provided with aiding machines or tools that can enable them move from one place to another. For those who are willing, they should also volunteer to take up the responsibility of medical expenses and other requirements prescribed by the healthcare officers. c. Ethical issues surrounding abortion Abortion, for many years, has been illegal in most countries, but nowadays people are fighting for it to be legal. However, in religious beliefs, any form of terminating human life is murder, regardless of whether it is a fetus, infant, or purportedly minor members of the society like the handicapped and the old. Abortion is murder, and it breaches the sacredness of God’s given life. Christians believe that life starts at conception and God alone has the right to take it. Nevertheless, pro-choice supporters claim that restricting abortion raises the occurrences of unsafe abortion, since the accessibility of professional abortion can minimize such cases. Sometimes, those incidences result to maternal mortality. The ethical discussion concerning abortion normally rotates on matters of whether the fetus can be given any rights especially the right to life and whether the woman has some rights over her body. In some places, abortion is only allowed if the life of the mother is in danger, or if the fetus is deformed (Bouchard et. al, 1995). Conclusion Reproduction starts with the interaction between the opposite sexes, after which embryos can develop. Modern technologies have reduced the challenges of childlessness through the various inventions, although some individuals still do not appreciate the God-given life, ending up killing others through abortion. Abortion is of two types: direct abortion is never morally accepted while the indirect abortion, which occurs due to some unavoidable events, is allowed as a way of saving the mother. The pro-life argue from the Christian point of view and have to follow the doctrines, for it is the foundation of their living. Any form of birth control is, therefore, unacceptable as it leads to depriving someone life and is morally wrong in the society. Illegal abortion is also extremely risky as it may endanger the life of the mother, as well. References: Bouchard L, Renaud M, Kremp O, Dallaire L. (1995). Selective abortion: a new moral order? Consensus and debate in the medical community. International Journal of Health Service, 25 (1) 65-84. Scott, G. (2000). Ethical Issues and Assisted Reproductive Technology: Human Reproduction. 15, (1) 944-948. Storey, G. (2011). Ethical Problems Surrounding Surrogate Motherhood. Retrieved on June 16, 2011, from yale. edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/2000/7/00. 07. 05. x. html

Energy drink marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Energy drink marketing - Essay Example The reason behind this social stratification is the assigning as well as performing of different tasks, jobs and responsibilities, which cannot be conducted by the individuals belonging to one single class or community of society.† (Zaidi, 1997) Thus, the societies were divided into classes even in Palaeolithic and Neolithic eras of ancient times. â€Å"Looking at different cultures of the world one finds that no human society is classless i.e. non-stratified one. There are some primitive communities so small that no class strata appear; the social organisation resting almost entirely upon age, sex and kinship; but even then their chieftainship, individual prowess and clan or family property introduce an incipient stratification. As soon as greater size and complexity are attained, stratification unmistakably appears.† (Davis & Moore, 1945) In addition, the social stratification is not confined to performing of financial activities. On the contrary, performing of politic al responsibilities and religious obligations also require division of labour and duties. â€Å"Elaborate devices are utilised to stress the identification of the person with his office—spectacular costume, abnormal conduct, special diet, segregated residence, celibacy, conspicuous leisure, and the like. (Davis & Moore, 1945; quoted in Coser, 1979) It is therefore the society divides the individuals into groups, communities, organisations and classes. If everyone obtains proper education and gets office job, no one would be there to become cobbler and hair dresser to mend the shoes and cut the hair of the people respectively. Since the present study has focused its concentration upon the... The current research was conducted by applying non-probability sampling in order to give representation to the respondents belonging to different departments, organisations, professions, and racial and ethnic groups and ages. The researcher personally visited the offices and residences of the respondents to conduct the interviews of the respondents. It was found that the companies offering more attention and care to the comforts and work performances of the employees are able to meet the present day challenges in a far better way in the current business situation, because they are in a better position of handling and satisfying their work force that is most fertile in respect of earning name and fame for the organisation. While discussing the strong affiliation with the organisation, it was found that the rewards, incentives, encouragements, motivations and promotions increased the level of affiliation among the employees and workers with the organisation. In addition, efficient, dil igent, hardworking, committed and honest personnel win the hearts of the management. An overwhelming majority of respondents declared encouragement from company as the key to success, as it psychologically bucked them up in such a way that they found themselves as representatives of their company as well. A significant proportion of the workers admitted that if their bosses had been cordial, they could have shown better performance in assignments and professional responsibilities. It was also found that working for a long time at a stretch creates stress and strain in workers. If they are offered with any revitalising drink, it would surely recover their energy level.

Explain in your own word Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Explain in your own word - Speech or Presentation Example The anti-derivatives of the function in this part are non-existent. The rule can be utilised in situations when a limit has been ascertained to be in existence. The rule is utilised in establishing functions of limits within a situation where the limit is presumed to exist, but the value remains unknown. The rule can be utilised in calculating limits within real numbers, negative and positive infinities(Krantz, 2004). Within these circumstances, the functional values are assumed to be differentiable. The rule simply applies to situation presenting finite or infinite derivatives. The rule should be used in finding limits in cases presenting a single application. When two applications are utilised the limit values calculation provides the original value. Where more than two applications exist, an answer can never be gotten The series works through providing approximations which are infinitely differentiable. The approximation method utilises partial sums in providing estimations to an entire unknown function of a series. It utilises the first terms of a Taylor series to solve problems regarding some restricted domains in advanced stages of a series. Integration can be defined as a mathematical concept utilised in calculus and is an inverse to differentiation. Integration consists of the area which is normally bounded by a graph and the subsequent axis. An example of an integral value calculated through integration would be amount of water in an irregularly shaped swimming pool. Knowing the various dimensions of the swimming pool, the water becomes surrounded by the walls, hence becoming the integral. Integration solves problems relating to area of irregularly shaped forms. It solves these problems through utilisation of regular shapes like squares, and then effectively converting the irregular shape to a regular shape. c) Give an example of were optimization might be used in the

Economy Report and International Business in Denmark Essay

Economy Report and International Business in Denmark - Essay Example The export commodities are constituted of manufactured products that amount to around 73 percent of the total exports. Again the agricultural commodities and other products constitute around 19 percent of the total exports. Agricultural products constituted around 18.7 percent of the export revenues. Similarly the imports pertaining to the region in the 2010 period amounted to around $84.409 billion. Commodities like raw materials and semi-manufactured commodities constitute around 37.4 percent of the total imports while consumer products and capital goods constitute around 18 percent and 21.7 percent respectively. The major countries that carry out the export and import transactions with Denmark are like Germany, Sweden, United Kingdom, Norway, and Holland in common while countries like China and United States only carry out the import activities with Denmark (U.S. Department of State, 2011). Cultural Stereotyping in Denmark and Impact on International Trade The economy of Dutch is found to largely depend on the activities of international trade conducted with different countries round the world significantly in the fields of import and export activities. The Dutch economy becomes highly dependent on countries like Germany for largely exporting the food products and other manufacturing products and similar materials. Dependency of Denmark over the German economy has risen to such extent that it has become evident that Denmark would fail to exist without the help obtained in from the German Republic. It is held that increasing dominance of Germany in Denmark’s international trade and tourism activities would lead to bolster a sense of inferiority and thereby threatens to usurp its cultural heritage. This fear of losing their own cultural heritage makes the people of Denmark bolster up their confidence in setting of stereotyped national cultures. Cultural stereotyping is considered as an important tool by the Dutch people in order to save their conditions from being largely invaded by the German culture (Renckstorf, 2004, p.347). The cultural parameters in Denmark pertaining to the dress codes are viewed to be quite casual in nature. Casual dresses in Denmark reflect less focus rendered on wearing any kind of formal suit. However this type of stereotyping method in regards to the dress codes often earns conflict in times when the person proceeds to work in a trade environment dealing basically with international trade activities. Therein the people are required to follow a certain formal dress code and thus to abstain from wearing casual wear in the office or working hours. Henceforth the people and cultural parameters of Denmark need to become much flexible in order to rightly embrace the internationalisation of trade activities in the region. Again the people of Denmark also regard or give importance in maintaining adequate distance when communicating with someone. The people regard maintaining a distance of an arm or two when tal king with people. This type of a culture developed among the people also depicts a stereotype nature of maintaining relationships with the people either pertaining to domestic or international regions. This type of stereotyping activity reflected by the people of Den

Financial Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Economics - Essay Example Over time the option can gain a lot of value if the price of the stock rises since the employee has the right to purchase the stocks at the predetermined price. Since the objective for the employee is to gain the maximum monetary benefit possible as a beneficiary of a stock option plan I would encourage the company to implement financial and investment strategies that will increase the value of the firm. In order to learn the best strategy to optimize the value of the stock option plan we must evaluate the potential effects of the company choosing increased dividend payout strategy vs. stock repurchase program. The dividend payout policy of a firm refers to the decision regarding the magnitude of the dividend payout which is the percentage of earnings paid to the stockholders in the form of dividends (Referenceforbusiness). The owner of a company’s common stock will always prefer to have the highest dividend payout possible. One of the main reasons people like dividends so much is because they are obtaining an immediate financial return instead of waiting for the sale of the stock to achieve a capital gain. In order to better understand the effect of dividend we must recognize the existence of retained earnings. At the end an accounting period when profits are determine the board of director can either declare dividends or kept the profits in the form of retained earnings. When money is not distributed and it is kept as retained earnings the company can utilize these funds to make the business grow. If a company is able to invest its money wisely in high yield projects, the firm can achieve internal grow that will raise the market value of the company. During bad financial times such as the current global recession it is common for companies to reduce their payout of cash dividends in order to maintain its liquidity and to keep its cash balance as high as possible (Bigda). A sector that has been horribly as far as reduction in

Passive Heating Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Passive Heating - Essay Example The analysis comprises of examples from both the KYOTOi protocol of the United Nations and the Energy performance of Buildings Directive of the European Union that is being enforced across the west for energy efficiency and savings of the conventional sources of energy. The analysis predominantly focuses upon the energy efficiency of the buildings using the passive heating strategy. Nuclear sources also cater the energy requirements in certain cases where it generates the electricity required for the generation of electricity. In all the aforementioned cases, the pollution into the atmosphere due to heating is enormous indirectly because the generation of electricity in case of electric heaters causes pollution of the atmosphere if not in the immediate vicinity of the users whilst the gas heating systems cause the pollution in the vicinity itself. The atmosphere being a single entity, the greenhouse effect spreads across the entire spread of the atmosphere irrespective of the location of emission of Carbon Monoxide and Carbon di-oxide gases. David Taylor (2005)ii further argues that the main reason for the increase in the energy consumption by the domestic buildings is the inability or the reluctance of the people to utilise the energy of sunlight and natural means for cooling during the summer. This is also due to the fact that the increase in the density of the buildings in the urban areas like the busy areas of London where the density of the domestic buildings has increased by more than 10 times in the six years as argued by W. L. Lee and F. W. H. Yik (2005)iii. The study by the authors have proved that the population density increase in the urban areas has accompanied with the steep density of the buildings thus presenting a congested environment for the energy management and the use of natural resources of energy for cooling during the summer. Furthermore, the use of each kWh (kilo Watt hour) of energy Douglas Lancashire (2005) has identified the emission rations as described below 1.5 lb (680 grams) of Carbon Di-Oxide 0.2 ounce (5.67 grams) ounces of Sulphur Di-oxide and 0.08 ounces (2.27 grams) of nitrogen oxides The information presented above reveals that through saving every kWh of electricity alone, a building could contribute to the reduction of emission and pollution of the atmosphere. Even though the pollution is not caused at the surroundings of the building, the fact that the consumption of energy is directly proportional to the emission of gases and pollution by the power generation plant justifies the need for energy efficiency in the buildings. The aforementioned makes it clear that the costs involved with the energy consumption and the maintenance of the heating systems is a critical element both to the homeowners, which is a direct cost whilst the indirect cost is mainly the loss of non-renewable sources of energy and atmospheric pollution. In order to overcome this problem, passive heating is proposed by researchers as an effective alternative. Passive heating as argued by Raymond Ward (2005) is the method of using the non-conventional sources of energy like the solar energy to generate the energy required to cater the heating requirements in domestic buildings. Another source of energy is the wind energy that is in abundance especially in the UK where the sunlight is treated as a rare commodity with only short spells of summer every year. Alongside, passive heating can

Essay on All the Pretty Horses by Cormac McCarthy

On All the Pretty Horses by Cormac McCarthy - Essay Example The grandfather embodies the undisturbed life, and after his death Cole begins to think by himself. He leaves a world that he thought he knew for one in which none of the past rules were available. At the beginning he doesn't know that he departs to find the truth about life and about himself. Besides the differences between him and others he must go exploring the world, because when everything collapsed, when his world ruined, he started to understand that the world might mean something else. His awakening is very much alike with what Plato said in the allegory of the cave. Cole is one of the philosopher-prisoners who sees the sun , the symbol of knowledge, and goes to find it. On his way he is surrounded by all kinds of people who try to withhold him. Finding the truth is not such a simple mission , it involves some obstacles and reaching it requires the passing of certain stages, from innocence to experience. These changes are revealed in the book with the help of symbols. In the beginning of the novel Grady is seen as a child who wants to conquer the world, but at the end he is presented with scars on his face and chest. His lack of experience from the beginning makes him to mistake, and the scars are the symbols of rough time that harden him and made him an experienced man. In the beginning Cole arrives to a ranch named "La hacienda de nuestra Senora de la Purisima Conception". This Mexican ranch is very much related to the state of the characters when they reach there. The name in English means Virgin Mary and implies that Grady arrives there with the hope that he will regain the moral values lost in his world. But Mexico is very similar to Texas. The owner of the ranch wants to combine two breeds of horses, so he wants to merge two styles of living, but he is very much against the union of his daughter with an American. This is the paradox of this world, and the meaning must to be seen in the symbol of horse. John Grady amazes everyone with his ability to break the wild horses, but this comes from the fact, that he himself is a wild horse, riding for a new truth. At certain moments in the novel characters are very much alike horses. The horse is the symbol of friendship and freedom: Cole goes with his friend to Mexico, and they get friends with a thi rd: Jimmy Blevins who had stolen a horse. Their friendship and the stealing of this horse are the one that gets Cole near death. The owner of the Mexican ranch doesn't want to breed wild mountains horses with its stock; he wants to subjugate the most powerful breed to make a stronger one. At a negative meaning the horse represents the stamina, and also the love and the death. Extending at the level of characters: the owner of the Mexican ranch wants the help of Grady, he praises his ability, but he doesn't want the unification of the two worlds, symbolized by the marriage, and in this way he rejects Grady. They are two different cultures and civilizations and Grady is not welcomed in any side. From the moment they arrived at the ranch they were seen as employees and their help was only temporarily. Even Alejandra's aunt was against the young lovers' affair denouncing the cultural differences between them. In this respect, John and Alejandra can be visualized like two wild horses tha t experience the taste of freedom and love, but only one is ready to face them. Alejandra will drop out her dream, being influenced by her

Financial Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Economics - Essay Example Over time the option can gain a lot of value if the price of the stock rises since the employee has the right to purchase the stocks at the predetermined price. Since the objective for the employee is to gain the maximum monetary benefit possible as a beneficiary of a stock option plan I would encourage the company to implement financial and investment strategies that will increase the value of the firm. In order to learn the best strategy to optimize the value of the stock option plan we must evaluate the potential effects of the company choosing increased dividend payout strategy vs. stock repurchase program. The dividend payout policy of a firm refers to the decision regarding the magnitude of the dividend payout which is the percentage of earnings paid to the stockholders in the form of dividends (Referenceforbusiness). The owner of a company’s common stock will always prefer to have the highest dividend payout possible. One of the main reasons people like dividends so much is because they are obtaining an immediate financial return instead of waiting for the sale of the stock to achieve a capital gain. In order to better understand the effect of dividend we must recognize the existence of retained earnings. At the end an accounting period when profits are determine the board of director can either declare dividends or kept the profits in the form of retained earnings. When money is not distributed and it is kept as retained earnings the company can utilize these funds to make the business grow. If a company is able to invest its money wisely in high yield projects, the firm can achieve internal grow that will raise the market value of the company. During bad financial times such as the current global recession it is common for companies to reduce their payout of cash dividends in order to maintain its liquidity and to keep its cash balance as high as possible (Bigda). A sector that has been horribly as far as reduction in

Essay on All the Pretty Horses by Cormac McCarthy

On All the Pretty Horses by Cormac McCarthy - Essay Example The grandfather embodies the undisturbed life, and after his death Cole begins to think by himself. He leaves a world that he thought he knew for one in which none of the past rules were available. At the beginning he doesn't know that he departs to find the truth about life and about himself. Besides the differences between him and others he must go exploring the world, because when everything collapsed, when his world ruined, he started to understand that the world might mean something else. His awakening is very much alike with what Plato said in the allegory of the cave. Cole is one of the philosopher-prisoners who sees the sun , the symbol of knowledge, and goes to find it. On his way he is surrounded by all kinds of people who try to withhold him. Finding the truth is not such a simple mission , it involves some obstacles and reaching it requires the passing of certain stages, from innocence to experience. These changes are revealed in the book with the help of symbols. In the beginning of the novel Grady is seen as a child who wants to conquer the world, but at the end he is presented with scars on his face and chest. His lack of experience from the beginning makes him to mistake, and the scars are the symbols of rough time that harden him and made him an experienced man. In the beginning Cole arrives to a ranch named "La hacienda de nuestra Senora de la Purisima Conception". This Mexican ranch is very much related to the state of the characters when they reach there. The name in English means Virgin Mary and implies that Grady arrives there with the hope that he will regain the moral values lost in his world. But Mexico is very similar to Texas. The owner of the ranch wants to combine two breeds of horses, so he wants to merge two styles of living, but he is very much against the union of his daughter with an American. This is the paradox of this world, and the meaning must to be seen in the symbol of horse. John Grady amazes everyone with his ability to break the wild horses, but this comes from the fact, that he himself is a wild horse, riding for a new truth. At certain moments in the novel characters are very much alike horses. The horse is the symbol of friendship and freedom: Cole goes with his friend to Mexico, and they get friends with a thi rd: Jimmy Blevins who had stolen a horse. Their friendship and the stealing of this horse are the one that gets Cole near death. The owner of the Mexican ranch doesn't want to breed wild mountains horses with its stock; he wants to subjugate the most powerful breed to make a stronger one. At a negative meaning the horse represents the stamina, and also the love and the death. Extending at the level of characters: the owner of the Mexican ranch wants the help of Grady, he praises his ability, but he doesn't want the unification of the two worlds, symbolized by the marriage, and in this way he rejects Grady. They are two different cultures and civilizations and Grady is not welcomed in any side. From the moment they arrived at the ranch they were seen as employees and their help was only temporarily. Even Alejandra's aunt was against the young lovers' affair denouncing the cultural differences between them. In this respect, John and Alejandra can be visualized like two wild horses tha t experience the taste of freedom and love, but only one is ready to face them. Alejandra will drop out her dream, being influenced by her

Struggle between good and evil Essay Example for Free

Struggle between good and evil Essay This is similar to Romantic poets as they often wrote about the idealization of nature. Robert Walton experiences the isolation of the North Pole. stretched out in every direction, vast and irregular plains of ice, which seemed to have no end. Shelley has used the isolation of Robert Walton in order for a bond to be created between Robert and Frankenstein. This in time would result in Frankenstein being able to converse and inform Walton about the Monster. Without the isolation of both Robert and Victor they wouldnt be able to relate to one another. Pathetic fallacy is often used in order to create the setting. Suddenly a heavy storm of rain descended. Just after the wedding between Elizabeth and Frankenstein when they are on the boat, Frankenstein becomes anxious and worried about the safety of Elizabeth, this is indicated by the weather. Suspense and mystery are often used in gothic literature. Mary generates a tension, suspense and anxiety before the monster comes. he worked for nearly two years For this I had deprived myself of rest and health. She is trying to show us how important and key event that is going to occur and how much it meant to Victor. She does this in order to bring a greater shock to the reader when she describes us of what a great disaster he has created. one hand was stretched out, seemingly to detain me, but I escaped and rushed downstairs. Here she gives us a deeper understanding of the scary atmosphere by saying how the monster was trying to kill his creator and just how awful, ruthless and hideous this monster really was. The Monster also declares a threat to Frankenstein after he destroys the female Monster that the Monster had asked him to create. It is well. I go; but remember, I shall be with you on your wedding-night. This threat is applied to generate a build up of suspense. This threat is also echoed in Frankensteins mind in anticipation of his actual wedding night. Maybe Mary Shelley is exploring her own history in Frankenstein by using the style of her fathers novels and her mothers ideas. From my personal view Mary Shelley doesnt only explore in Frankenstein an academic view, but the book explores a personal and emotional point of view. In other words, she is exploring the origins and nature of life itself in a radical sense. The gothic style provides her with a wonderful atmosphere in which to explore how the future can be thought about in the terms of the past. I also think that this novel written in 1818 can not discount the fact that it was written three years after Wellington defeated Napoleon at Waterloo in 1815. What was put aside was the spectre of Napoleons desire to control the world as known then, we see the confrontation of the medieval megalomania being triumphed over. Perhaps, Shelley is using the gothic style in order to look to the future. Shelley makes use of rhetoric in order to persuade the reader. She does this by getting Robert Waltons isolation at the beginning, meeting the intermediate isolation of Frankenstein and the future isolation of the monster by allowing them to encounter each other in the gothic mode, hauntingly. Frankenstein the novel, illustrates the gothic by placing it in the context of a gothic castle where Frankenstein does his experiments. It looks back to the middle ages where the wild, the mystery, the horror, are used to chill the spine and curdle the blood. Mary Shelley uses a gothic style to explore the romanticism of the period by trying to explain life itself and how scary a question that is. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Causes of and Challenges to Chinas Economic Expansion

Causes of and Challenges to Chinas Economic Expansion As the world adjusts its vision from the Beijing Olympics to a growing Chinese population, the underlying whispers resound with imperialist fears and economic worry. Researchers continue to bolster China’s position as the next superpower, yet remain limited by supposition and faulty conclusions. Regardless of China’s current size or influence, there is a hierarchical foundation within this world which demands economic and military dominance before offering such a broad title of authority. The fundamental definition of a global superpower evolves from hegemony, or an ability to dictate the policies of other nations, according to Britt (2008). As China flexes its economic muscles, the surface level apparition is one of expansive global control. Yet the question remains as to whether such unparalleled growth is sustainable or simply an artificial boost accelerated by a competitive global market. As wary nations anxiously await a Chinese offensive, economic statistics and r esearchers demonstrate conflicting results, challenging China’s superpower status. In actuality, the multitude of pitfalls and fluctuating economic status will continue to offset China’s capacity for ascension beyond its current foothold; and while economists may maintain a wary eye, the future of economic growth is one of stabilization and competition, not domination. Perhaps the greatest hindrance to China’s determined expansion, human variables continue to numerically plague their overtaxed industrial industry. As with historic examples of developing nations, economic fundamentals operating on a strategic and skill based platform in comparison with international competitors are essential to sustaining economic growth. Recognized by Hofman and Zhao (2007) as total factor productivity (TFP), or a measure of how efficiently economies utilize their capital and labor, China’s growth rate over the past decade has been inconsistent. While directly contributing to over 40% of labor productivity, only 5% of such growth is contributed by human capital, thereby asserting the Chinese disparity between educational advance and industry expansion. As Chinese businesses continue to partner with foreign firms, the need for skilled laborers, specifically in the field of management and operations, continues to reduce market effectiveness. If superpow er definition comes through a broadly recognized economic legacy which is influential and market altering, China will fall far short of this goal as their educational system and impoverished rural participants fall short of leveragable human capital. Unfolding challenges to China’s global dominance evolve from the inherent frailties within their vast but immature socio-economic ecology. The continued pollution of China’s urban and rural areas directly influences the health and well-being of the working class, and in spite of industrial projects being placed on hold as environmental goals fall short, current operations further exacerbate the damage (Dollar 2008). As sustainable enterprise rapidly spreads throughout the global community, nations actively pursue carbon reduction schemes and enforce environmental reform legislation. China, represents an at-risk nation given its current sustainability challenges, and as an expanding population is exposed to increasingly harmful conditions substantial overhaul is needed to reduce pollution and improve the health of the Chinese people (Park 2008). Seven of China’s major river systems are now polluted beyond life-bearing limits, intoxifying the nearby residents and r educing the available resources for struggling farmers (â€Å"Poison From the Dragon’s Belly† 2008). Given the aforementioned need for a skilled and healthy workforce, the environmental challenges which accost the Chinese people directly reduce their competitive potential within the global community and diminish a human legacy which could have contributed to additional growth. Perhaps the most widely recognized factor supporting growth in China’s economy since 2000 has been the expansion of the domestic private business, a force once undermined by a capitalist-fearing, overbearing socialist party (Cooke 2005). Such firms demonstrate remarkable adaptability, a trait which continues to sustain economic growth as China diversifies its exports to remain competitive on an international level. Small to medium enterprise has been recognized in countless publications as a method for developing nations to reduce the disparity between impoverished and wealthy classes. Cooke (2008) highlights the improved operational freedom post-socialism, an expanding inexpensive labor force, technological advancement, and a broadening base of Chinese entrepreneurs as the underlying success factors for increasing domestic business growth (p. 32). O’Leary (2007) predicts that by the year 2025, China’s middle class will have expanded to 520 million people represe nting over half their estimated population. As the majority of China’s GDP arises from export revenue, these firms must be provided with resources to actively pursue international commerce, including continued education and government tax reliefs to ensure that expansion is linked with a global partner network. If China has been recognized for one industrial trait over the past decade it has been their pursuit of manufacturing opportunities and capacity to offer low cost, high quality products for foreign firms. Tactically, China’s expanded technological sector has been founded on principles of joint venture and technology transfer, rapidly accelerating growth of a domestic knowledge base and advancing the Chinese reputation as the world’s workshop (Vaidya et al. 2007). Unfortunately, this knowledge capital is not readily transmitted among the working class and is heavily guarded within a hierarchical system. The reality is that unless Chinese corporations actively pursue individualized export operations, the influential nature of a growing Chinese economy is reduced. The fundamentals of expansion are based on innovation and competition; therefore, while the continuation of partnerships is essential to maintaining operations, localized efforts will be needed to increase GDP be yond its current limits. China remains a powerful workshop and should continue to maintain this status; however, expanding their GDP base will rely entirely on more competitive initiatives and a strategic effort which is directly integrated into the world marketplace. There is a substantial dissonance between Chinese operations and their Western partners that arises from operational management practices and the protectionist methods behind distribution of knowledge capital (Meyer 2005). Currently, the limited support for sector based best practices within the Chinese market pushes businesses to innovate and compete without accepting industry standards or expectations. Wang (2004) recognized that there is differentiation between the West and China in terms of knowledge management, specifically highlighted by methods of dissemination and inclusivity. Investing in IT operations and progressive knowledge reform, countries like the US actively pursue broader knowledge exchange among employees. As the Chinese management style integrates an interpersonal cultural relationship, oral communication and inner-circle divulgence become the main forms of knowledge sharing (Wang 2004). Yet such common practices oftentimes limit the ingenuity and innovative poten tial of Chinese corporations, instead placing emphasis on a control system which views knowledge as a guarded commodity (Peng et al. 2007). Regardless of technique, the lack of proficient management candidates for a growing number of industrial firms hinders expansion at a level which could rival other world powers. Cultural influence by Western organizations undermines that of Chinese culture and rejects a longstanding legacy of hierarchical control systems. Homogeneity lingers as the future for Chinese managers, and their limited understanding of Western practices will inevitably act as a hindrance, reducing the available human capital for growing firms. As business practices evolve to integrate a global value chain, corporations such as Microsoft and GE Medical Systems are actively sourcing components for US designed products from Chinese producers (Inkpen and Rmaswamy 2007). Transitioning from a national production formulae which expands domestic jobs, firms are pursuing the wealth of low cost resources available within Chinese borders, stretching the value ideology to include acceptance of international distribution and foreign job creation. Multinational corporations continue to seek out business to business partnerships within Chinese borders, defying conventional operation and expanding a field of vision which redefines strategic business methodology (Inkpen and Ramaswamy 2007). Unfortunately, within a frail and oftentimes frustrating Chinese infrastructure, multinational firms actively pursue third party logistics providers to assist with navigating supply chain challenges including transportation and material availability (Mu lani 2008). Regardless of expanded manufacturing operations, if firms cannot successfully navigate the difficult logistics of the Chinese interior, the cost basis savings from skill-set outsourcing will be lost. Developing nations must enhance their infrastructure, specifically those transport routes which can best interconnect urban areas or commercial centers. China cannot hope to compete with Western powers as their one seaboard and lack of structural integrity continues to reduce capabilities and the expansion of industry to more rural areas. There have been widespread concerns as to the financial influence a growing Chinese economy can wield against global exchanges and competing economies. As the development of high tech industries have encouraged rapid increase in venture capital and foreign direct investment throughout Chinese firms, the limited liquidity of the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges serve as a hindrance to investment firms, locking in profits and limiting returns (Pukthuanthong and Walker 2007). Humphreys (2007) challenges that regardless of China’s expanding military or dominant technological production, the cultural fundamental of harmony which defined the Chinese people should be recognized as an opportunity for partnership and market based economic principles. Undercutting the potential for rapid Chinese ascension to superpower status, the fluctuations within their capital system, lack of banking liquidity, and unproven financial markets continue to reduce external demand for Chinese sponso red investment opportunities. As current government reform measures seek to develop a more complete structural foundation for the growing economy, rapid advances must be made in the financial markets before foreign investors will pursue returns with confidence. It is the foreign direct investment, however, which will offer Chinese firms the opportunity to rapidly expand, and through such growth, diversify their operations and competitive focus. Capturing the world’s attention during the Beijing Olympic games was a remarkable step for this once guarded nation; however, retention and partnerships which later evolve will demonstrate a sustained international respect and hopeful commitment to Chinese growth. There is a final fundamental frailty within the Chinese economy which mitigates global economic dominance and that lies in the linked nature of their current economic structure. Dollar (2008) recognized the economic inconsistencies which have plagued China throughout their history, demonstrating the substantial effect that the global economic crisis has had on the Chinese GDP, reducing growth to 9%, their first time below 10% in over five years. Export economics are based entirely on a supply and demand structure, and as the world continues to navigate financial catastrophe, China’s reduction in GDP evidences their reliance on external support mechanisms for consistent growth. Regardless of the internal growth which continues to offset international reductions in spending, there is a limited functional infrastructure from which to ensure that citizens can actively support the national economy. Regardless of industrial growth, the repercussions have not been felt throughout the impoverished population which serves as China’s backbone and economic foundation. Long term growth will be leveraged through the inclusion of citizen capital and must be more balanced to allow wealth disparity to realign. Remarkable evolution has contributed to China’s global positioning as the fourth largest economy, generated from an intense industrial focus and the recent allowance of privatized operations. Yet superpower status, while an admirable goal, remains out of reach for this still-developing nation. In spite of concerns from global leaders and theorists, the potential for China to evolve past the US in terms of GDP and begin to dictate policy is simply not realistic. There are currently too many pitfalls which China must over come in the coming decades including infrastructure, environment, and trade imbalance. While Chinese corporations are rapidly pursuing additional modes of differentiation and innovation, their pace cannot match the foundation retained by Western companies who retain countless generations of operating legacy. Similarly, Chinese firms cannot simply operate within their current foundation of manufacturing export. Aggregate growth is a realistic goal over the long term outlook, and founded on a well integrated educational structure, diversified income streams, and active global participation, China will see its status continue to creep towards that ever elusive number one point of power. References Britt, R. R. 2008. Will China Become the No. 1 Superpower? LiveScience, 15th August. Accessed on 11/10/08 From: http://www.livescience.com/culture/080815-china-as-superpower.html. Cooke, F.L. 2005. Human Resource Management, Work and Employment in China. London: Routledge. Cooke, F.L. 2008. Competition and Strategy of Chinese Firms: An Analysis of Top Performing Chinese Private Enterprises. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal 18 (1/2): 29-56. Dollar, D. 2008. China’s Growth Surprises on the Downside. World Bank, 20th October. Accessed on 11/10/08 From: http://eapblog.worldbank.org/content/china%E2%80%99s-growth-surprises-on-the-downside. Hofman, B; Zhao, M. 2007. Asian Development Strategies: China and Indonesia Compared. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 43 (2): 171-99. Humphreys, J. 2007. The Chinese are Coming, and I’m Afraid. Journal of Business Strategy 28 (3): 42-44. Inkpen, A; Ramaswamy, K. 2007. End of the Multinational: Emerging Markets Redraw the Picture. Journal of Business Strategy 28 (5): 4-12. Meyer, M. 2005. The Changing Face of Management in China. Strategic Management, Knowledge@Wharton June. Accessed 11/10/08 From: http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1164. Mulani, N. 2008. Gold Medal Solutions to China’s Supply Chain Challenges. Logistics Management September: 23-24. Park, J. 2008. China, Business and Sustainability: Understanding the Strategic Convergence. Management Research News 31 (12): 951-958. Peng, J; Li-Hua, R; Moffett, S. 2007. Trend of Knowledge Management in China: Challenges and Opportunities. Journal of Technology Management in China 2 (3): 198-211. â€Å"Poison from the Dragon’s Belly: Is China Paying Too High a Price for Success?† 2008. Strategic Direction 24 (2): 21-23. Pukthuanthong, K; Walker, T. 2007. Venture Capital in China: A Culture Shock for Western Investors. Management Decision 45 (4): 708-731. Vaidya, K; Bennet, D; Liu, X. 2007. Is China’s Manufacturing Sector Becoming More High-Tech? Evidence on Shifts in Comparative Advantage 1987-2005. Journal of Manufacturing Technology 18 (8): 1000-1021. Wang, G. 2004. Knowledge Management in a Multinational Company. In: Peng, J; Li-Hua, R; Moffett, S. Trend of Knowledge Management in China: Challenges and Opportunities. Journal of Technology Management in China 2 (3): 198-211.

Johann Sebastian Bach Essay -- Essays Papers

Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Sebastian Bach was born on March 21st 1685. He is the son of Johann Ambrosius. For many years, members of the Bach family had held positions such as organists, town instrumentalists, or Cantors. When Bach was eight years old he went to the old Latin Grammar School. He was taught reading and writing, Latin grammar, and a great deal of scripture, both in Latin and German. The boys in the school formed the choir of the St. Georgenkirche. This also gave Bach an opportunity to sing in the regular services, as well as in the nearby villages. He has an uncommonly fine treble voice. During this period Bach attended the Gymnasium of Ohrdruf, which had become one of the most progressive schools in Germany. He had made great progress in Latin, Greek, theology, and had reached the top form at a very early age. It was his excellent soprano voice that found Bach a position in the choir of the wealthy Michaelis monastery at Luneburg, which was known to provide a free place for boys who were poor but had musical talent. At the end of 1703, Bach took up his post at the small town of Arnstadt. He was no doubt thrilled about having his own very large organ of two manuals and twenty-three speaking stops. He also had the responsibility of providing music for his own congregation. In 1707 Bach went to Muhlhausen to take up the post of organist to the town. Unfortunately, a quarter of the whole town was hit by a...

Economic growth in Botswana :: essays research papers

I recently had the pleasure of listening to Dr. Scott Beaulier speak on his research on the reasons why the small and desolate country of Botswana has had such drastic economic growth in the last 30 years. Dr. Beaulier partook in what is called an analytic narrative, which is the act of learning about a country by going there and totally immersing ones self in their economy and way of life as to experience it all first hand. This helped him with his research. Botswana is a small country roughly the size of Texas with 1.7 million inhabitants. Nearly 80 percent of Botswana is the Kalihari desert. This makes Botswana a sub-Saharan, land locked country. Many economists believe in the geography hypothesis, which states that countries that are northern and near water will prosper, while those that are southern and land locked will most likely struggle. Botswana broke this hypothesis, being both southern and land locked. Botswana, unlike many neighboring countries, pursued a sound economic policy, favoring free trade, a free market, and a limited government. There was no military presence in Botswana till 1976. With no military presence, Botswana could grow without the need of military spending. Botswana also relied on their traditional customs, even in post colonial periods. Botswana had a pre-colonial institution called the Kgotlas that consisted of chiefs from various regions of the country. These chiefs would hold basically what was consider ed a town council with all the tribesmen to discuss issues. The chiefs took complaints constructively and worked to better the situation. This form of government set Botswana aside from many other African countries. Botswana was colonized by Great Britain in the 1880’s in an attempt to prevent to German, who had colonized neighboring Namibia, from tapping into South Africa’s diamond source. Great Britain was reluctant to colonize Botswana, due to its lack of favorable geographic qualities. In 1965, Botswana was established as an independent state. A major leader that emerged to lead Botswana was a man by the name of Comma. He married a white woman by the name of Ruth Wilson. He was a very lenient ruler, and tried to establish a successful country. He allowed refugees in from neighboring countries. He believed that no defense was the best defense. He figured that if his country was invaded, one of the major world powers would come to his aid. Therefore he had no military to spend money on. Economic growth in Botswana :: essays research papers I recently had the pleasure of listening to Dr. Scott Beaulier speak on his research on the reasons why the small and desolate country of Botswana has had such drastic economic growth in the last 30 years. Dr. Beaulier partook in what is called an analytic narrative, which is the act of learning about a country by going there and totally immersing ones self in their economy and way of life as to experience it all first hand. This helped him with his research. Botswana is a small country roughly the size of Texas with 1.7 million inhabitants. Nearly 80 percent of Botswana is the Kalihari desert. This makes Botswana a sub-Saharan, land locked country. Many economists believe in the geography hypothesis, which states that countries that are northern and near water will prosper, while those that are southern and land locked will most likely struggle. Botswana broke this hypothesis, being both southern and land locked. Botswana, unlike many neighboring countries, pursued a sound economic policy, favoring free trade, a free market, and a limited government. There was no military presence in Botswana till 1976. With no military presence, Botswana could grow without the need of military spending. Botswana also relied on their traditional customs, even in post colonial periods. Botswana had a pre-colonial institution called the Kgotlas that consisted of chiefs from various regions of the country. These chiefs would hold basically what was consider ed a town council with all the tribesmen to discuss issues. The chiefs took complaints constructively and worked to better the situation. This form of government set Botswana aside from many other African countries. Botswana was colonized by Great Britain in the 1880’s in an attempt to prevent to German, who had colonized neighboring Namibia, from tapping into South Africa’s diamond source. Great Britain was reluctant to colonize Botswana, due to its lack of favorable geographic qualities. In 1965, Botswana was established as an independent state. A major leader that emerged to lead Botswana was a man by the name of Comma. He married a white woman by the name of Ruth Wilson. He was a very lenient ruler, and tried to establish a successful country. He allowed refugees in from neighboring countries. He believed that no defense was the best defense. He figured that if his country was invaded, one of the major world powers would come to his aid. Therefore he had no military to spend money on.